Study on anti-hyperglycemia effect of aqueous extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaves on diabetes rats / 中草药

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-hyperglycemia effect and mechanism of aqueous extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) leaves on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetic rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg). A total of 21 successful SD male rats were randomly divided into model group (STZ). G. pentaphyllum leaves aqueous extract low dose group (GP•H2O-L, 100 mg/kg) and high dose group (GP•H2O-H, 500 mg/kg), another seven normal rats were taken as the control group. Blood samples were taken from the 2nd and 3rd weekends to detect plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations; Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of TNF-α and GLUT-4 mRNA in skeletal muscle; Western blotting was used to detect GLUT-4 total protein in skeletal muscle; The expression of GLUT-4 protein on skeletal muscle sarcolemma was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Results: The results showed that the food intake and water intake of the STZ group were significantly increased compared with the control group, while the body weight and skeletal muscle weight were obviously decreased; Plasma triglyceride and blood glucose concentrations and the expression of TNF-α mRNA in skeletal muscle were significantly increased, while the expression of GLUT-4 mRNA, GLUT-4 total protein and GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle sarcolemma was obviously decreased. Compared with the STZ group, the high-dose aqueous extract of G. pentaphyllum leaves significantly reduced the blood glucose of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and reversed the expression of TNF-α mRNA and GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: The aqueous extract from G. pentaphyllum leaves could reduce hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to increasing the expression of GLUT-4 protein on skeletal muscle sarcolemma and inhibiting skeletal muscle inflammation.

Silencing lncRNA GIHCG increases radiosensitivity of glioma cells by up-regulating miR-146a-3p / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of lncRNA GIHCG on the radiosensitivity of glioma cells and its mechanism.Methods The expression levels of GIHCG and miR-146a-3p in human brain normal glial cells HEB and glioma cell lines U251,A172,SHG139 and U87 were quantitatively measured by qRT-PCR assay.U251 and SHG139 cells were used for subsequent experiment.After silencing the expression of GIHCG or overexpressing miR-146a-3p in U251 and SHG139 cells,cell proliferation was detected by MTI assay,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,cell radiosensitivity was detected by colony formation assay and the expression levels of CDK1,CyclinD1,Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were measured by Western blot.The bioinformatics software predicted the presence of a binding site for GIHCG and miR-146a-3p.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and qRT-PCR assay were adopted to verify the targeting relationship between GIHCG and miR-146a-3p.Results Compared with HEB cells,the expression of GIHCG was significantly up-regulated in glioma U87,U251,A172 and SHG139 cells (all P＜0.05),whereas that of miR-146a-3p was remarkably down-regulated (P＜0.05).Silencing GIHCG expression or overexpression of miR-146a-3p significantly decreased the U251 and SHG139 cell survival rate,survival fraction and the expression of CDK1,CyclinDl and Bcl-2 proteins (all P＜0.05),whereas considerably increased the apoptotic rate and expression of Bax protein (both P＜0.05).GIHCG performed targeted negative regulation of miR-146a-3p expression in U251 and SHG139 cells and inhibition of miR-146a-3p expression reversed the effect of silencing GIHCG on proliferation,apoptosis and radiosensitivity of glioma cells.Conclusion Silencing GIHCG expression up-regulates the expression of miR-146a-3p,thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of glioma cells.

Silencing lncRNA GIHCG increases radiosensitivity of glioma cells by up-regulating miR-146a-3p / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of lncRNA GIHCG on the radiosensitivity of glioma cells and its mechanism.@*Methods@#The expression levels of GIHCG and miR-146a-3p in human brain normal glial cells HEB and glioma cell lines U251, A172, SHG139 and U87 were quantitatively measured by qRT-PCR assay. U251 and SHG139 cells were used for subsequent experiment. After silencing the expression of GIHCG or overexpressing miR-146a-3p in U251 and SHG139 cells, cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, cell radiosensitivity was detected by colony formation assay and the expression levels of CDK1, CyclinD1, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were measured by Western blot. The bioinformatics software predicted the presence of a binding site for GIHCG and miR-146a-3p. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and qRT-PCR assay were adopted to verify the targeting relationship between GIHCG and miR-146a-3p.@*Results@#Compared with HEB cells, the expression of GIHCG was significantly up-regulated in glioma U87, U251, A172 and SHG139 cells (all P<0.05), whereas that of miR-146a-3p was remarkably down-regulated (P<0.05). Silencing GIHCG expression or overexpression of miR-146a-3p significantly decreased the U251 and SHG139 cell survival rate, survival fraction and the expression of CDK1, CyclinD1 and Bcl-2 proteins (all P<0.05), whereas considerably increased the apoptotic rate and expression of Bax protein (both P<0.05). GIHCG performed targeted negative regulation of miR-146a-3p expression in U251 and SHG139 cells and inhibition of miR-146a-3p expression reversed the effect of silencing GIHCG on proliferation, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of glioma cells.@*Conclusion@#Silencing GIHCG expression up-regulates the expression of miR-146a-3p, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of glioma cells.

Relationship between the use of carvedilol and the improvement of survival of patients with liver cirrhosis ascites / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of carvedilol on survival improvement in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted by following up the patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites,the patients were treated in our hospital from March 1st,2010 to March 1st,2011. One hun-dred and fifty eight patients were enrolled and followed up for 5 years to determine the survival status. Patients were divided into the carvedilol group and the propranolol group based on the use of the therapeutic drugs. The baseline , treatment and follow-up data were compared ,and the survival status of patients in two groups were described by the survival curve. The factors influencing the survival of patients with liver cirrhosis ascites were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The age,BMI,HVPG reduction and the prevalence of diabetes in the carve-dilol group were higher than those in the propranolol group ,but upper gastrointestinal variceal re-bleeding rate was lower than that in the propranolol group,with significant differences(P < 0.05,respectively). Kaplan Meier sur-vival function showed that the cumulative survival rate of the carvedilol group was higher than that of the proprano-lol group(P<0.05). Cox regression result showed that hazard ratio of RR=0.714,95％CI(0.565～0.902),P=0.013. Conclusion Carvedilol is a protective factor for patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites ,contributing to im-proving the survival status ,reducing liver cirrhosis related deaths.

Relationship between the use of carvedilol and the improvement of survival of patients with liver cirrhosis ascites / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of carvedilol on survival improvement in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted by following up the patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites,the patients were treated in our hospital from March 1st,2010 to March 1st,2011. One hun-dred and fifty eight patients were enrolled and followed up for 5 years to determine the survival status. Patients were divided into the carvedilol group and the propranolol group based on the use of the therapeutic drugs. The baseline , treatment and follow-up data were compared ,and the survival status of patients in two groups were described by the survival curve. The factors influencing the survival of patients with liver cirrhosis ascites were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The age,BMI,HVPG reduction and the prevalence of diabetes in the carve-dilol group were higher than those in the propranolol group ,but upper gastrointestinal variceal re-bleeding rate was lower than that in the propranolol group,with significant differences(P < 0.05,respectively). Kaplan Meier sur-vival function showed that the cumulative survival rate of the carvedilol group was higher than that of the proprano-lol group(P<0.05). Cox regression result showed that hazard ratio of RR=0.714,95％CI(0.565～0.902),P=0.013. Conclusion Carvedilol is a protective factor for patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites ,contributing to im-proving the survival status ,reducing liver cirrhosis related deaths.

Research of chemotaxis response of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria panax on total ginsenosides / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, three kinds of chemotactic parameters (concentration, temperature and pH) were determined by plate assay and spore germination method to research the chemotactic response of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria panax, and their spores on total ginsenosides. The results showed that Botrytis cinerea had strong chemotactic response at the mid-concentration of total ginsenosides (cultivation temperature was 20 degrees C and pH value was 6), and the data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) was 1.293 0, chemotactic growth rate (CGR) was 0.476 0, spore germination rate (SGR) was 53%, and dry weight of mycelial (DWM) was 0.452 6 g x L(-1); however, Alternaria panax had strong chemotactic response at the low-concentration of total ginsenosides (cultivation temperature was 25 degrees C and pH value was 6), and the data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) was 1.235 4, chemotactic growth rate (CGR) was 0.537 0, spore germination rate (SGR) was 67%, and dry weight of mycelial (DWM) was 0.494 8 g x L(-1). The results indicated that the low and middle concentration (2, 20 mg x L(-1)) of total ginsenosides had significant promoting effect on chemotactic response of these two pathogens, and the spore germination, mycelial growth rate, dry weight of mycelial of them were also significantly improved by this chemotactic response, whereas it decreased as the increase of total ginsenosides concentration.

Types and risk factors of recurrent ischemic stroke after initial brainstem infarction / 中华全科医师杂志

To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 176 patients of recurrent cerebral infarction at our hospital.Based upon the treatment of acute stroke trial (TOAST) classification,the types of recurrent ischemic stroke with initial brainstem infarction were classified.And univariate and multivariate logistic analyses of risk factors were performed.The major types in a decreasing order were atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (AT,n =24,70.6％),small arterial occlusive stroke (SA,n =8,23.5％) and cardiogenic cerebral embolism (CE,n =2,5.9％).Brainstem infarction was more likely to be affected by poor life habits and a history of diabetes mellitus (DM).And atrial fibrillation was a major independent risk factor for non-brainstem infarction.Multivariate logistic analysis showed that poor living habits (P =0.03),a history of DM (P =0.004),vulnerable plaque (P =0.01) and poor compliance of secondary prevention medication (P =0.02) were independent risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke with initial brainstem infarction.Health education should be strengthened for preventing recurrent ischemic stroke with brainstem infarction.

Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial cells in biofilm become tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and the immune responses, which increases the difficulties for the clinical treatment of biofilm infections. Clinical and laboratory investigations demonstrated a perspicuous correlation between biofilm infection and medical foreign bodies or indwelling devices. Clinical observations and experimental studies indicated clearly that antibiotic treatment alone is in most cases insufficient to eradicate biofilm infections. Therefore, to effectively treat biofilm infections with currently available antibiotics and evaluate the outcomes become important and urgent for clinicians. The review summarizes the latest progress in treatment of clinical biofilm infections and scientific investigations, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of different biofilm infections and introduces the promising laboratory progress, which may contribute to prevention or cure of biofilm infections. We conclude that, an efficient treatment of biofilm infections needs a well-established multidisciplinary collaboration, which includes removal of the infected foreign bodies, selection of biofilm-active, sensitive and well-penetrating antibiotics, systemic or topical antibiotic administration in high dosage and combinations, and administration of anti-quorum sensing or biofilm dispersal agents.

Case-control study on cancellous screw and compression bolt in the treatment of calcaneal fractures wih minimally invasive plate / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate percutaneous reduction by Kirschner pin and internal fixation with cancellous screw and plate through minimal incision at the lateral side of heel for the treatment of intra-articular displacement fracture of calcaneus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2009 to June 2012, 80 patients with close intra-articular displacement fractures of calcaneus were divided into treatment group and control group. There were 40 patients in the control group, including 21 males and 19 females, ranging in age from 23 to 64 years old, averaged (39.1 +/-11.7) years old; and the patients were treated with fixation by compress screws and plates of self-broken type. There were 40 patients in the treatment group, including 24 males and 16 females,ranging in age from 21 to 67 years old, averaged (39.6+/-14.3) years old;and the patients were treated with full thread cancellous screws and plates fixation. The fixation time,intra-operative blood loss and the number of injured medial plntar nerve were compared between the two groups. The Böhler angle, Gissane angle and the correction degree of calcaneal width were measured at 1 year after operation. The internal fixators were taken out after 1 year. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was used to evaluate therapeutic effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 9 to 32 months, with a mean of 16 months. There were shorter operation time, less injury, satisfactory postoperative Böhler angle and calcaneal width in treatment group compared with control group,which reduced the medial neurovascular injuries, and the plate was easily removed after fracture healing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Full thread cancellous screws and plate fixation for the treatment of calcaneal fractures could get same therapeutic effects as compress screws and plate of self-broken type fixation, and also has follow advantages: shortening the operation time, reducing blood loss, easily to be removed, avoiding the medial neurovascular damage, reducing the incidence of complications.</p>

Balloon dilatation bronchoplasty in management of bronchial stenosis in children with mycoplasma pneumonia / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and safety of balloon dilatation through flexible bronchoscopy in the management of inflammatory stenosis of grade 4-5 bronchus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty patients with inflammatory bronchial stenosis caused by mycoplasmal pneumonia complicated with pulmonary atelectasis were treated with balloon dilatation through fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Before the procedure and after the last operation, therapeutic effect on pulmonary atelectasis were evaluated with CT and all of the patients were followed-up for 1 - 6 months.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>One to three operations were required to achieve satisfactory dilatation. After balloon dilatation, the average airway diameter increased obviously and the farther airways were opened after the therapy with irrigation. In 25 of 30 cases satisfactory immediate effects were obtained, a narrow airway diameter above expansion significantly increased as compared with preoperative diameter. In 5 children treated with balloon dilatation, the stenosis could not be improved significantly. In 3 patients with hyperplasia of granulation tissue, cryotherapy had to be applied. The operations were ineffective in the other two patients whose course of disease exceeded 3 months. After follow-up periods of 1 - 6 months, chest CT manifestation of expanded sites was improved in 28 patients and atelectasis disappeared. No severe complication was found in any patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bronchoplasty by balloon dilatation through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a simple, effective and safe method to treat childhood tracheobronchial stenosis after pulmonary infections.</p>

Relationship between liver damage and serum levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha and NO in patients with acute pancreatitis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between liver damage and the serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and NO in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-seven AP patients were divided into mild AP (MAP) and severe AP (SAP) groups, with 50 healthy subjects serving as the controls. The serum levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA, and NO level was measured by nitrate reductase method. The serum levels of ALT, AST, TB, ALB, LDH, AKP and gamma-GT were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of liver damage was 62.06% in these patients. The serum markers of the liver function differed significantly between the AP patients and the control subjects and between SAP and MAP groups before the treatment (P<0.01). The ALB level in SAP group increased significantly after the treatment (P<0.01), and the other indices of the liver function all decreased in both MAP and SAP groups (P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha and NO were higher in the AP patient than in the control subjects (P<0.01), and decreased significantly after the treatment (P<0.01). In AP patients with liver damage, the levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha and NO were obviously higher than those in patients without liver damage and the control group (P<0.01). In AP patients with liver damage, the serum levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha, and NO were positively correlated to ALT and AST levels, and IL-18 was positively correlated to TNF-alpha and NO.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AP patients have high incidence of liver damage, which is obviously severer in SAP than in MAP patients. The serum levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha and NO are positively correlated to the severity of liver damage in the AP patients, and can be used as indicators for early diagnosis, evaluation of the severity and prognosis of liver damage.</p>

The experimental study on effects of nuclear factor-κBp65 antisense oligonueleotide on liver fibrosis / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65 antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) on NF-κB activity and expression of interleukin(IL)-6 in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Methods The HSC were separated from rats and cultured. The toxicity of NF-κBp65 ASODN on HSC were detected by Trypan blue exclusion staining and the NF-κB activity was determined by EMSA. The expressions of IL-6 mRNA and protein were meaured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results In vitro, no toxicity of ASODN on HSC was observed at the concentrations of 0. 001 to 1.0 μmol/L. NF-κB activity was increased after stimulating HSC with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, whereas it was weakened in a dose dependent manner when HSC were cultured with ASODN (concentration from 0. 001 to 1.0 μmol/L). At the same time, the expressions of IL-6 mRNA and protein induced by TNFα were decreased after transfected with ASODN at concentrations of 0.001- 1. 0 μmol/L in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion ASODN may specifically inhibit either the activiy of NF-κB or expression of IL-6, which provides the theoretical basis that ASODN may use to treat fibrosis of the liver.

Isolation and structural elucidation of a bioactive saponin from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the bioactive constituents from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by extraction and partition as well as several-chromatographic techniques guided with Pyricularia oryzae bioassay method. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Bisdesmoside (I) was isolated as active compound causing morphological abnormality of Pyncularia oryzae mycelia and elucidated as 3-0-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-bayogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>I is a new natural product and exhibited significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines K-562 and BEL-7402, but no hemolytic activity to rabbit erythrocytes.</p>

Resource and pharmacognostical study on Aralia echinocaulis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide fundamental information for its exploiting. Aralia echinocaulis by the resource and identification study on.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Resource survey and various identification were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The county level distribution and ecological environment of A. echinocaulis were initially observed. It mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of the Yangtze River basin and the south, and was usually used as folk drug. This study also displayed its morphological, microscopic and chemophysical identification features.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The morphological features of original plant and crude drug, and the anatomical and chemophysical characteristics of A. echinocaulis are of identification value, and the species are also of greater development and utilization potentiality, but the resource does not support the sustainable utilization. Therefore, artificial propagation is apparently crucial to its exploitation.</p>

Effect of CoCl2 pretreatment on Na + and K+ currents of the rat hippocampal neurons after acute hypoxia / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study effect of CoCl2 pretreatment on the voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents of the rat hippocampal neurons after acute hypoxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons were divided into CoCl2 pretreated and non-pretreated groups. Patch clamp whole cell recording technique was used to examine Na+ and K+ currents of the hippocampal neurons.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After acute hypoxia, I(Na) and I(K) of the hippocampal neurons were significantly decreased and the threshold of I(Na) was right-shifted. Pretreatment of the neurons with CoCl2 inhibited the reduction of I(Na) and I(K).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CcCl2 pretreatment alleviates the acute hypoxia-induced changes of I(Na) and I(K), which may be one of the mechanisms for the protective effect of CoCl2 on neurons.</p>

Protective effect of GABA against hypoxic injury in rat hippocampal slices / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the mechanism of protective effect of GABA against hypoxic injury in rat hippocampal slices.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hippocampal slices from adult rats and extracellular recording technique were used to observe the effect of GABA on the evoked population spikes in rat hippocampal slices after hypoxia in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GABA can significantly delay the disappearance of PV, but have no effect on PS. When the receptor antagonist of GABA (bicuculline) and the inhibitor of Cl- channel (NPPB) were given, the protect effect could be suppressed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GABA increases hypoxic tolerance of hippocampal slices. The mechanism of the effect of GABA may be involved in the elevation of chloride influx through GABA receptor.</p>

Effects of hypoxic-preconditioning on anoxic-tolerance and Jun expression in cultured rat hippocampal neurons / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on anoxic tolerance and Jun expression in cultured rat hippocampal neurons after anoxia/reoxygenation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>12 day cultured hippocampal neurons in control and hypoxic preconditioning group were exposed to anoxic environment (0.90L/L N2 + 0.10 L/L CO2) for 4 h, and then reoxygenated for either 24 h or 72 h. The neurons were immunocytochemically stained using the antiserum against Jun. The number of survival neurons and the percentage of Jun expressing neurons were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of Jun expressing neurons induced by anoxia in hypoxic-preconditioning group was significantly less than that in control group. The number of survival neurons was more in the hypoxic-preconditioning group than that in control group after anoxic reoxygenation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxic-preconditioning can induce the development of anoxic-tolerance in cultured hippocampal neurons. The decrease in Jun expressing neurons in hippocampus may be an adaptive reaction to acute anoxia.</p>

Relationship between enhanced anoxic tolerance induced by hypoxic preconditioning and Na+, K+ currents in cultured hypothalamic cells / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the relationship between enhanced anoxic tolerance induced by hypoxic preconditioning and Na+, K+ currents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After hypoxic preconditioning and acute anoxia the I(Na), I(K) were measured in cultured hypothalamic cells by patch-clamp whole cell recording technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amplification of Na+ currents did not been significantly changed, but the amplification of K+ currents was in hypoxic preconditioning neurons; acute anoxia lead to the inhibition of Na+, K+ currents in the two groups, while Na+, K+ currents in non-preconditioned control group were inhibited severity than hypoxic preconditioning group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is presumed enhanced anoxia tolerance induced by hypoxic preconditioning may be related to the opening of K+ channels.</p>

Effects of anoxia/reoxygenation on Fos and Jun expression and apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effects of anoxia/reoxygenation on Fos and Jun expression and apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hippocampal neurons cultured for 12 d were exposed to anoxia environment (90% N2 + 10% CO2) for 4 h and then reoxygenated for 24 h and 72 h. The neurons were immunocytochemically stained using the antiserum against Fos and Jun, and the apoptosis were detected by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nickel end labeling (TUNEL) method and flow cytometric analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of Fos and Jun positive neurons and apoptosis neurons in cultured hippocampal neurons after anoxia/reoxygenation increased than those in control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occurrence of neurons apoptosis is related to the increase in Fos and Jun expression in cultured hippocampal neurons after anoxia/reoxygenation.</p>

CoCl2-induced enhancement of glucose transport activity in mediating hypoxic tolerance in cultured hippocampal neurons / 生理学报

The effect of CoCl(2) pretreatment on glucose transport activity of cultured newborn rat hippocampal neurons and its role in neuronal hypoxic tolerance were observed. The results showed that the 2-deoxy-D-[1-(3)H ]glucose uptake rate and the mRNA expressions of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3) in the hippocampal neurons were significantly increased after a 24-hour pretreatment with CoCl(2). The cell injury induced by 6-hour or 8-hour hypoxic exposure was also greatly reduced by CoCl(2) pretreatment. The protective effect of CoCl(2) on the neurons was largely abolished by cytochalasin B, a specific inhibitor of glucose transporters. The results suggest that CoCl(2) can increase mRNA expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 and glucose transporter activity of the neurons, which may be an important mechanism for the increased tolerance of the neurons to hypoxia.